Abstract
This paper reviews literature on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in improving policing efficiency. The paper makes a case for a better understanding and adoption of AI as a policing and criminal investigation strategy for use by police organisations. The authors document the historical developments of AI as well as the benefits that accrue from using AI in policing. The challenges affecting the successful implementation of AI are also highlighted to build sustainable AI systems for crime management in Zimbabwe. Using the Innovations Diffusion theory and Systems theory, the authors highlight how organisations such as the Zimbabwe Republic Police take up and utilise technological innovations to their advantage. The benefits that can accrue from AI include crime prevention and detection through Unmanned Aerial Systems, Facial Recognition Systems, Gunfire Detection, DNA Analysis, AI Security Cameras, Pre-trial Release, Parole, and public safety video and image analysis. The conclusions drawn from the discussion show glaring gaps between the Zimbabwean context and advances made in other countries. Given the challenges and benefits of AI, meaningfully investing in information communication technologies by governments in developing countries is the starting point for enhancing law enforcement through Artificial Intelligence. Human capital capacitation is also another critical area that should be reinforced by sustainable strategies for employee retention.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Criminal Investigations; Crime Prevention; Law; Policing; Technology